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- BUSINESS, Page 81The Supply-Side Scourge
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- Cocaine is so abundant that interdiction fails to affect prices
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- The traffickers hid their stockpile where they hoped no one
- would want to look: inside 10-gal. drums of sodium hydroxide,
- a caustic powder. When narcotics agents discovered the cache
- last Friday night in a warehouse in Queens, N.Y., they had to
- call in hazardous-waste specialists to handle the material.
- Total amount seized: as much as 5 1/2 tons. Only five weeks
- earlier, police had broken open a $6 padlock on the door of a
- warehouse in suburban Los Angeles and discovered 21.4 tons of
- cocaine, the largest U.S. cache ever grabbed. All told,
- authorities estimate, they will have seized 85 tons of coke this
- year, a 55% increase over 1988.
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- In the glow of victory, narcotics officers congratulated
- one another on finally putting a dent in the drug-smuggling
- apparatus. But in recent weeks the vastly increased tonnage of
- captured cocaine has been generating some anxious rethinking
- about the scale of America's coke problem. Reason: since cocaine
- is essentially a commodity, its price follows the same basic
- rules of supply and demand that apply to wheat, soybeans and
- pork bellies. When supply is abundant, prices fall; when there
- is scarcity, prices rise. Ominously, the huge U.S. seizures in
- the past few months, along with the Colombian government's
- crackdown on the Medellin cartel, have done almost nothing to
- boost the price of the drug on either the wholesale or retail
- levels. Contends Glen Levant, the deputy police chief in Los
- Angeles: "Surely this must validate our belief that there is
- much, much more cocaine in the pipeline than anyone thought."
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- Federal officials have never been sure how much cocaine is
- consumed in the U.S., but the conventional estimate has been
- 100 tons annually. Since agents have captured nearly that much
- already this year and seizures are generally considered to
- represent only a small proportion of total supply, cocaine use
- could be several times that volume. But speculation about a far
- bigger than expected U.S. cocaine trade is only one of the
- theories that attempt to explain the recent huge seizures and
- their failure to increase prices. Some experts contend that the
- Colombian government's campaign against the drug lords has
- prompted them to move huge stockpiles out of that country and
- warehouse them in Mexico and the U.S.
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- The new projections of the cocaine supply, which still
- amount to guesswork, nonetheless indicate that the Government's
- longtime effort at interdicting shipments has been largely
- ineffective. In fact, smugglers have become so efficient and so
- numerous that since 1981 the median national retail price of
- cocaine has declined from $115 a gram to $88.
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- Lately cocaine prices have increased in a few cities, but
- experts on both sides of the law see no close connection
- between enforcement efforts and price levels. In Miami, the main
- gateway for drug smuggling, the cost of a kilo has jumped 44%
- in the past two months, to as much as $23,000. But for the U.S.
- as a whole, which consumes three-fourths of the world's cocaine
- production, wholesale and retail prices have been stable.
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- One reason prices have become dangerously affordable is
- that smugglers have proved so flexible. When federal agents
- cracked down on shipments through South Florida, traffickers
- started routing shipments through the porous Mexican border. At
- the same time, the smuggling industry has plenty of competition.
- When Colombia's campaign against the Medellin cartel hampered
- that group's operations, the rival Cali-based group filled the
- vacuum.
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- In fact, the smuggling industry has been so effective that
- cocaine prices might have fallen further. But the
- entrepreneurial response among street-level dealers was to begin
- moving crack. The smokable, highly addictive form of the drug
- has increased demand and sales volume.
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- Even the strategy document issued by William Bennett, the
- director of national drug policy, concedes that interdiction is
- mainly a symbolic effort. Its lack of results underscores the
- need to intercept cocaine in other places. Specifically, the
- document recommends a stronger effort to cut cocaine off at both
- ends of the pipeline: the source of the abundant supply as well
- as the seemingly insatiable demand.
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